There is no measurement that can directly observe the wave function of a quantum mechanical system, but the wave function is still enormously useful as its (complex) square represents the probability ...

Even given a set of possible quantum states for our cosmos, it's impossible for us to determine which one of them is correct ...

Quantum state diffusion framework makes it possible to characterize quantum measurement in terms of entropy production ...

Learn how to normalize a wave function using numerical integration in Python. This tutorial walks you through step-by-step coding techniques, key functions, and practical examples, helping students ...

One of the discoveries that fundamentally distinguished the emerging field of quantum physics from classical physics was the observation that matter behaves differently at the smallest scales. A key ...

Nearly a century after the development of quantum theories, a consensus has yet to emerge about what these theories tells us about ourselves and our places in the universe. Ney develops a framework — ...