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Industrial control systems can be categorized in two types: open-loop and closed-loop systems. The open-loop control system is a continuous control system that provides no feedback from its output.

High-efficiency step-down switching regulators for positive voltages are very common, however negative step-down switching regulators (negative voltage in, negative voltage out, common ground) are not ...

Today, 80% of all input/output (I/O) devices in automation applications are supplied with 24VDC power. The second most popular voltage is 120VAC, which is used on 15% of all I/Os. Over the past decade ...