Assessing student learning effectively is often complicated by relying on ambiguous proxies such as grades, quiz scores, or assumptions about students' internal states, such as what they feel, think, ...
Operant conditioning, sometimes called instrumental conditioning or Skinnerian conditioning, is a method of learning that uses rewards and punishment to modify behavior. Through operant conditioning, ...
Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction: Learning to Change -- Preview -- The Constancy of Change -- Natural Selection -- Evolved Behavior -- Reflexes -- Modal Action Patterns -- General ...